25th Sunday in Oridinary Time
My dear brothers and sisters in Christ,
“This is the day the Lord has made, let us rejoice and be glad in it”. ( Psalm 118:24)
On this 25th Sunday of Ordinary time, our Lord is teaching us through the gospel of Matthew 20:1-16 that our God is so generous beyond the human standards, that He invites all people to the Kingdom no matter the time. The Parable of a generous landowner who hires laborers to work in his vineyard at different times of the day and paying them the same wage, points to our Heavenly Father who welcomes all his children to heaven when they repent even at the last minutes of their lives.
THE FOURTH CUP:
Based on the book ‘The Fourth Cup’ written by the well known catholic Theologian, Dr. Scott Hahn, Director of St. Paul Center for Biblical Theology, Steubenville, OH, I would like to present to you his findings of the connection of the Paschal Sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the Cross to the Jewish seder dinner and the drinking of the fourth cup as the completion of the new Passover meal.
The Passover dinner of the Jewish people, known as the Seder dinner, has four parts or courses marked by drinking of four cups of wine.
It is celebrated every year by the Jews to commemorate God’s deliverance of the ancient Israelites from slavery in Egypt to freedom when God miraculously opened the red sea so that the Israelites could walk through it to freedom ( Exodus 14 ). The Passover meal was also the time to renew their Covenant with God.
Three days before his Passion and death, our Lord Jesus held the Passover dinner with his disciples in the upper room. We call it the Last Supper during which Jesus instituted the holy Eucharist. The following are the four cups of wine drunk at the end of each course:
- The First cup or The Kiddush Cup:
This is the first part of the dinner during which bitter herbs are eaten and the food is blessed and the participants drink the first cup of wine known as the kiddush cup, meaning the cup of the festival blessing.
2. The Second cup or The Haggadah Cup:
The second part of the dinner consists of narrating the story of God’s deliverance of ancient Israel through question and answer form. The youngest at the table asks the question and the oldest answers. Then the second cup is drunk. The word ‘Haggadah’ means narrative. They pray the psalm 113 known as the little hallel.
3. The Third Cup or The Barukah Cup:
During this part, the roasted lamb is eaten along with unleavened bread. Eating of the lamb was very essential as a communion meal which signified the Covenant with God.
When Jesus instituted the Eucharist during this third part of the dinner, He replaced the lamb with himself to be eaten by us as the hallmark of the new Covenant as he told the Jews of his time in the gospel of John 6: 54: “He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life”. Then they drink the third cup, the Barukah cup known as the Blessing cup. They pray the psalms 114-118 known as the great hallel.
4. The Fourth Cup or The Consummation Cup:
During this part, the dinner is completed by the drinking of the fourth cup. Without drinking the fourth cup of wine, a Passover dinner is incomplete. Jesus and the disciples leave the Last Supper abruptly without drinking the fourth cup.
The Biblical scholars have questioned why Jesus skipped the fourth cup at the Last Supper. Well, this is where Dr. Scott Hahn made the Biblical research based on John’s gospel and found out that Jesus had some other place in mind to drink the fourth cup to complete the Passover dinner and transform it into the new Passover. Since John the beloved was the only disciple who was present at the Crucifixion along with Mother Mary and other women, he was the eye witness to the details of the Crucifixion. As Jesus was crucified on the Cross, the soldiers offered him a sponge soaked in common wine on a hyssop branch. When Jesus tasted the wine, he said, “Now it is finished. Then he bowed his head, and delivered over his spirit” ( John 19:30 ). This is the fourth cup which he drank on the Cross.
The “It” in this sentence refers to the Passover liturgy, which he started in the upper room, got interrupted by his agony in the garden, by his carrying of the Cross and finally completed it on the Cross. He willingly gave Himself as the Lamb of God given to us in the Eucharist at the Last Supper and whose Blood shed on the Cross sealed the new and eternal Covenant which can never be broken unlike the old Covenant. I highly recommend that you read the book “The Fourth Cup’ to deepen your understanding of the Eucharist as the new Passover of the Sacrifice of Jesus on the
God bless you!
Fr. Bob Romaine









